[Answered]: An 18-year-old male high school student who had a…

An 18-year-old male high school student who had a 4-year history of diabetes mellitus was brought to the emergency department because of excessive drowsiness, vomiting, and diarrhea. His diabetes had been well controlled with 40 units of NPH insulin daily until several days ago when he developed excessive thirst and polyuria. For the past 3 days, he has also had headaches, myalgia, and a low-grade fever. Diarrhea and vomiting began 1 day ago. URINALYSIS RESULTS Specific gravity 1.012 Ketone Large pH 5.0 Glucose 4+ CHEMISTRY TEST RESULTS Sodium 126 mmol/L Potassium 6.1 mmol/L Chloride 87 mmol/L Bicarbonate 6 mmol/L Plasma glucose 600 mg/dL BUN 48 mg/dL Creatinine 2.0 mg/dL Serum ketones 4+ Questions 1. What is the probable diagnosis of this patient based on the data presented? El diagnóstico probable lo es Ketoacidosis diabética 2. What laboratory test(s) should be performed to follow this patient and aid in adjusting insulin levels? Entre los laboratorios que tienen que hacer es · niveles de glucosa en sangre · sodio · potasio · gases arteriales · cetonas en suero y orina · creatinina · BUN. 3. Why are the urine ketones positive? Las cetonas resultaron positiva porque el paciente esta presentando cetoacidosis diabética, una enfermedad donde la insuficiencia de insulina aumenta el rompimiento de grasa, resultando producción de cetona. 4. What methods are used to quantitate urine ketones? Which ketone(s) do they detect